Explain What Is Meant By The T :: essays research papers

Explain what is meant by the term â€Å"an economic model† and outline a model of price and output determination in a free market. Examine the effect of a change in real disposable income on equilibrium price and output. An economic model or theory is a simplified explanation and analysis of economic behaviour. It allows us to predict, and therefore intervene, if we do not like the outcome of a possible chain of events.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theories and models are mainly derived from past responses to similar stimuli or from statistical surveys, and this information may not always be accurate as it assumes ceteris paribus, or all other things remaining equal. For example, figures may show that the number of people smoking doubled when the price of cigarettes halved in the 1960’s. This does not mean to say that following a similar price reduction today, the response would be the same, as advertising has increased the awareness of the dangers of smoking. Such a difference in behaviour patterns can be explained when we consider that economics is a social science, concerned with people, who have a free will and cannot be made subject to laws. This also explains why many models are generalised, dealing with trends in economic behaviour rather than the choice of the individual, as this varies and is difficult to surmise and predict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A market is a place where buyers and sellers communicate for the purpose of the exchange of a good. In free market, the price of a good can fluctuate, determined by supply and demand. When economists discuss demand, they mean effective demand, or how much people will want, and can afford to buy at any given price of a product. This means that demand is dependent on price. The graph above is a demand curve that illustrates that as price rises, demand falls. This enables movement along the curve, which we term an expansion or contraction of demand, depending on the direction of this movement. Like most economic models, it is simplified and assumes ceteris paribus that price and demand have an inversely proportional relationship. This theory does not account for goods which are nesscessities or that have few close substitutes, for whom demand may remain constant with price changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Similarly, there is a supply curve that shows the relationship between price and supply. The economic theory here is that the higher price a good commands, the higher your profit margin will be (assuming costs of production remain constant).

Feminist Theories on Sexuality

Feminist theorists Camille Paglia and Foucault give opposing views on the topic of women and their sexuality as they addressed topics such as homosexuality and pornography as ways of expressing sexual desires and the role a woman plays in society in reference to her sexuality. Camille Paglia, a graduate of the University of Arts in Philadelphia, America, has strong feminist views in relation to women’s sexual preferences. Paglia is a bi-sexual female, who came from an Italian, Catholic household with an overprotective and strict family. While watching an interview with Paglia, she stated that through her years growing up, as a girl she was expected to follow certain rules and was (like many girls) led to think in a certain manner for situations such as rape, prostitution and sexual desires. Paglia was opposed to this, as was seen in her countless numbers of affairs which she had with women, despite being married to a man. This shows that Camille Paglia is pro-homosexuality. She allowed herself to explore and believed that the dignity and freedom of women could not be gained through the overprotective barriers parents and society puts up. By her supporting lesbianism, it also shows her strong views on her personality and disregard for what society thinks of her. Another point Paglia brought up was that women are never straight forward when it comes to sexual desires. She made reference to this when she discussed the numerous reports on accused rape. Paglia said that many women are provocative, and send wrong â€Å"signals† to guys. They are the cause of the accused â€Å"rape†, yet they are quick to blame the man who simply acts on the woman’s actions. Women report cases of rape for simple hand contact, which is mostly due to the woman’s lead. Women need to express their desires and not feel ashamed of it. Paglia says that women want sex as much as man, whether with a female or male, they should be upfront. Camille also discussed women in pornography. Many women see pornography as a disgrace and disrespectful view towards a woman and her body through these videos, pictures and other forms of porn; however Camille believes that a woman should have the right to portray herself and her sexual desires through any source of media and angle she wants. A woman has full rights to her body and sexual desires and should not be stopped from expressing it. She is against modern feminism because she believes that women have a right to these things, and that women need to stop blaming men and become self reliant, independent and accept that they are differences between men and women that cannot be changed. Women also have pornographic minds, and whilst other feminists will be opposed to women expressing themselves and being involved in prostitution and pornography, she disagrees. Throughout an interview with Camille, she made it very clear that she was pro-pornography, as she mentioned this numerous times to emphasized that women need to be strong on their desires and not be judged on their preferences. (female-female; male-female; male-male). This proves her point that women must be able to accept who they are and have the ability to show it, and not be restricted because of gender barriers and expectations of society. The role of women and their sexual preferences and desires are based on the current situations in society. This point is shown through the theories by Foucault. Through history, culture determined how sexuality was originated. Foucault believed that as time progresses, the idea of lesbianism and bi-sexual relations are growing. These desires are only present because of the new cultures and society that is present now. For example, in the 1800s, women were not allowed to choose their own mates or express their sexuality, and this is still present even now in the 21st century in some areas. The change in this tradition only occurred through time and what was seen as the new norm and custom in the society. The episteme of society determined the sexual desires and preferences in a particular era and the way they think. (Episteme is the way a specific culture approaches the world). Foucault believes that as society transitions, their thoughts and views also change due to the ideology itself shifting. Another point Foucault made was related to sex and women’s role in sex. Sex is seen as a social construct that is constructed through the exercise of power relations. Sexual nature is produced through society. Foucault stated that before, in previous generations, there was never a big focus on sex, whereas now, the desire for sex is increasing and will continue to increase in years to come. The world is culturally constituted and the body is seen materially through the eyes of man. Men use women for sex, and whilst women may think they are equal, men view them as sex objects. Feminists, as mentioned previously, deny having sexual tendencies and sexual preferences, and unlike Camille Paglia, who believes this is false, Foucault agrees with this statement. He relates this statement to his theory that sexual tendencies and desires are based on society’s ideology, rather than natural desires. Like Paglia, Foucault mentioned the role of women through pornography as well. However his views differed from Camille’s as he believes that pornography is an invention by man used to de-humanize women and socially constructs her oppression. He does not believe that women have a desire to produce porn, but instead they are manipulated into thinking that is what they want and they only please men, rather than expressing themselves and pleasing their own self. Foucault’s approach to a woman’s sexuality is based on the views of society and the manipulation in each era, mostly endorsed by man upon women. Camille Paglia believes that men and women have natural qualities and that they should not base their choices on what men demand of them, but on what their desire is whereas Foucault believes a woman’s sexuality is determined on society and the manipulation of men on women in reference to sex and sexual activities and preferences. I agree with Camille Paglia’s theory that women are different from men and must become their own individual, independent and free from reliance on man. A woman must take charge of her body and her sexual desires and not be expected to pretend that they are not naturally inclined towards sex. Camille expresses a pro-pornography mind and I agree that a woman should not be degraded for expressing her desires through pictures, videos or sex itself. Women should be allowed to freely express themselves without being restricted and judged by society and men. Also, as Camille Paglia stated, men should not be blamed for everything, and women should stand up for themselves and show everyone what they want. Camille is also pro-prostitution. A woman has full rights to her body and only a woman can determine what she wants to do with her body. A woman has the right to participate in any sexual act she desires, because it is only her decision. Women are categorized, according to Paglia, as having more emotional and sexual desires than men, but are not able to show it. Paglia’s point of this categorization is to show that women do not express their sexual desires freely because they are not allowed to show it. Whether it is true or not, I agree that a woman should have the freedom of being able to share their â€Å"wants† and â€Å"needs† without having to feel ashamed or self-conscious. Paglia says that the only way for this to happen, is if women begin to stop waiting, and start acting on becoming independent and taking personal responsibility, without blaming other people for your problems or your limitations. Feminist theories on sexuality show the rights of a woman in their ability to express and have sexual desires and preferences, and how they portray these elements. On one hand, Camille Paglia argues that women should take the initiative to become independent and not rely on man, and be free to express their natural sexual desires. On the other hand, Foucault believes that men control women, and a woman’s sexuality is determined on the stage of society and the transitions in the ideology of the culture and society. The both theorists contrast each other in theories in their views on a woman’s sex life. The belief that men construct society is supported by Foucault and opposed by Paglia. Homosexuality is supported by both theorists in different ways. Foucault believes it is due to the transitions in society, where as Paglia believes that it is due to natural inclinations. Their different approaches to women’s sexuality were well analyzed and represent the two different views from feminists. Feminist theories on sexuality vary according to the theorist, and each person has a different view on whether a woman has a right to express her sexuality or whether certain acts are frowned upon when done by a woman because of a woman’s expectations and stereotype.

Facilitate the Counselling Process Assessment Essay

I declare that this assessment is my own work, based on my own personal research/study . I also declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for any other unit/module or course, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of another student and/or persons. I have read the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. I also declare, if this is a practical skills assessment, that a Client/Interviewee Consent Form has been read and signed by both parties, and where applicable parental consent has been obtained. 1. Name two signs you would look for to let you know Vara is ready to end counselling. Two signs I would look for to let me know that Vara is ready to end counselling are, firstly, if Vara is sounding a lot more confident and she looks a lot happier, then she probably is. Secondly, if Vara started to run out of issues to raise and discuss in counselling. I would be able to recognise that Vara is ready to end counselling. 2. Briefly describe how you would support Vara’s sense of autonomy. I would support Vara’s sense of autonomy by, acknowledging and helping her to recognise, her achievements since beginning with counselling. I would summarise these achievements for Vara. Vara has spoken to her husband Alec, and made him aware of her feelings. This is something she found quite difficult to do in the past. Since Vara communicated her feelings of ‘being fed up and wanting to end the marriage’, Vara and Alec have decided to trial a three month separation. In speaking up for herself she has generated real change in her life. Both Vara and her husband Alec, are looking into the possibility of seeing a marriage counsellor. In seeking this kind of counselling she is showing strength of character, she is looking for solutions and not just running away from her problems. She has the friendship and support of Julie and is trying to increase her work hours as a translator. I would acknowledge that it was Vara that made these changes in her life, not me. This will empower Vara with the confidence to know that she is a strong and capable women who can stand up for herself. 3. Briefly describe how you would inform her about opportunities for further support. I would inform Vara about opportunities for further support, by communicating to her that although our counselling sessions will be coming to an end, she is always able to reconnect with me, if she feels the need. Vara has indicated that she and her husband are interested in pursuing marriage counselling. I could provide Vara with some contacts for marriage counselling in her local area. Or, if she felt more comfortable, I could arrange a referral for her to a marriage counsellor that I think would be a good match for her. 4. Briefly describe three key steps to assist the process of ending the counselling process with this client. I would start this process a few sessions before the final counselling appointment. Firstly, I would encourage Vara to express any concerns she may have in regards to managing on her own without the support of the counselling relationship. I would be encouraging Vara to express her feelings about ending the counselling relationship. This will give Vara an opportunity to reflect and prepare for ending the counselling sessions. I would set the final appointment sometime in the future, so that Vara can have time to adjust to the thought of managing on her own. Secondly, I would plan with Vara to have a longer interval between our appointments, so that Vara can try out coping with her issues on her own. This will enable Vara to discuss any lingering issues that may need some attention before ending the counselling relationship. Lastly I would summarise for Vara the progress she has made, and acknowledge all the accomplishments she has made. She is now a stronger more capable women, who can stand up for herself and take care of herself. I would make sure that Vara knows that I have an open door policy, and that if she ever felt the need to reconnect with me, I would be happy to see her again. 5. Give an example of what you might say to Vara when ending counselling to ensure the underlying issues are managed. An example of what I might say to Vara when ending counselling to ensure any underlying issues are managed is, ‘Vara can you describe for me some of the strategies you have been using to help bring about the changes you have made’. This will give Vara the opportunity to reflect on how she has implemented these changes, and will reinforce the fact that it was Vara who has facilitated these changes, not me. I would also say ‘what do you think could be some coping skills you could use if these issues start to come up again’. This will give Vara the opportunity to reflect on how she has coped with these issues in the past, and to list some coping strategies that work best for her and her situation. Again this will reinforce the fact that Vara is the one who is coping with her situation, not me. I would also say ‘can you tell me again, what some of your underlying issues have been’. This will help Vara identify what the core issues are, and will make it easier for her to recognise if these issues come up again, so that she is ready to deal with them. 6. Provide an example of one of your session client notes. Client session notes. Clients Name: Vara Clients Age: 56 Date of session: 20/11/14 Session # 8 Session Duration: 60 minutes Others present: Nil Status of session: Kept Location: Office Information given by client: Vara is a 56 year old Polish immigrant. Came to Australia 25 years ago. She has raised 3 children who have all left home. Feeling very unhappy and ‘trapped’ in her marriage. Husband is ‘traditional’ male, who controls finances and has a ferocious temper. She has been secretly working and saving money. She wants to live her own life, but fearful of how she will cope on her own. She still loves her husband Alec. Summary of client’s issues: Vara has spoken to Alec and they have agreed to a 3 month trial separation, they are looking into marriage counselling. I have offered her a list of marriage counsellors in her area and offered a referral if preferred. Vara will be living with her friend Julie during her separation, and will be seeking more work hours as a translator. Notes of counsellor: I feel that Vara has made enormous progress in counselling, and believe that at this point she would benefit from marriage counselling. I have agreed to see her again if she feels the need arises.

What is Corporate Governance †Business Essay

What is Corporate Governance – Business Essay Free Online Research Papers What is Corporate Governance Business Essay Stakeholder – Any one with a vested interest in the business. Includes shareholders, managers, employees, community, suppliers, buyer’s etc: any one who uses or relies on the business in some way. Definition from â€Å"Business Studies Excel† Start of the essay with a summary of the year’s performance, this is found on page one. This summary outlines the performance of the company throughout the last financial year. Although it does not analyse it in great detail it allows the stakeholder to have a brief description of the companies whereabouts in respect to its market share and the way the company is heading. It outlines to the stakeholder the weaknesses of the company and how these weaknesses are going to be dealt with during the next financial year. It also outlines the coming years focus’s for the business. This reflective summary of the previous year past gives minimal but effective insight. Chairman’s report and Management’s discussion and Analysis depict positive corporate governance. The Chairman’s report emphasized the fact that it was a hard year for Greens and outlines the major causes of their downfall, (Pasta problems, Share Problems and the drivers of these problems, also the change in management and the board also contributed to this. It then lists the consequences of these changes. This demonstrates Greens attempt to clarify with its stakeholders where the company went wrong throughout the year and the factors that contributed to these wrong doings. It then goes through and list the factors that are strong in the company, despite the companies weak performance in certain aspects of their products. It outlines to the stakeholders how each aspect of the businesses sale items performed. The Management’s Discussion and Analysis is excellent in answering the stakeholder’s questions in relation to market share, and financial performances. It runs through the major headings that the stakeholders want to know about, (Market position, Products, Sale Revenue, Profit, Debt and expenses, sales performance. Environmental Aspects are then introduced when the effect of the drought on the cost of raw materials in mentioned. (Need to elaborate on). Especially in the food manufacturing industry it is important for shareholders in particular to know how specific products and lines are performing statistically. As the food industry is also a seasonal product, consumer’s tastes and food preference will change throughout the year; therefore stakeholder must be kept informed as to these changes. Greens have done this very well, using brief to the point detail that leads into the in-depth fact and figures later on in the report. The Directors Report is composed by a number of director’s states the names of the directors on the Greens board. It gives a brief description of each and their role in the business. A review of results of operation is then reviewed. It states that â€Å" The Green Family disposed of the majority of their shareholdings. Czarvan PTY LTD, Guinness Peat Group and Continental Venture Capital LTD are now significant shareholders† This is a statement that directly relates to the social structure of the company. The fact that the Green family disposed of their shares to large businesses such as Guinness Peat and other large companies without and hassle implies that they are a strong social company. That is they have other businesses like them working in their favor. On page 9 a section on Corporate Governance and a full report on the companies adherence to corporate governance can be found on page 51 of the report. (I will analyse this later.) When talking about corporate governance use quotes that depict how important it is to the company. â€Å"In recognizing the need for the highest standards of corporate behavior† pg. 9 Environmental issues are then stated, there is only a small paragraph on this. Share options are then mentioned, these are possible one of the most important aspect to the stakeholders. (Elaborate on why this is so) The amount of shares issued and the cost of shares are stated. Financial Statements essentially present a scorecard of a companys operations. At a certain time, or for a certain period of time, financial statements show what the company owns and what it owes, its profitability, and the companys flows of cash. The three primary Financial Statements are the Balance Sheet, the Income Statement (or Earnings Statement), and the Statement of Changes in Financial Position. A less common Financial Statement is the Statement of Retained Earnings. These are all extremely important to stakeholders of the business. (Expand on why these factors are important) Financial Position – This statement is important to stakeholders as it outlines the company’s assets, liabilities and the overall liquidity of the business. It can be seen in the Greens Annual Report on Financial Position that Total Assets in well in excess of Total Liabilities, (102,655, 000 in assets – 58,856, 000 in liabilities) These figures from the Statement of Financial Position can be used in conjunction with accounting ratios to depict the liquidity of the business. (Go through all the relevant ratios and explain what they mean). This is possibly the most important aspect to stakeholders, knowing whether or not and how liquid the company is. (Go through the most important ratios and apply the figures to them and give percentages of liquidity) Show Acid – Test Ratio, Gross Profit Ratio and Debt to total asset ratio. Cash Flows – The Cash Flow Statement is another important aspect that stakeholders are concerned with. This statement shows where cash is coming and going from in the business, it also displays how much the figures of cash leaving and entering are. Name and explain the main ways that cash in entering and leaving. The statement of significant accounting policies outlines all the significant policies that have been adopted in the preparation of the financial report. There are a few main heading that we should look at and analyse a bit further: Intangibles, Employee entitlements (as this is excellent for the social and corporate governance side of the essay), Artwork and design (environmentally friendly packaging to benefit environment) See customer relations print out for ideas on the social side of Greens, in respect to gaining customer feedback and satisfaction. See environmental printout. Greens indicate and acknowledge that its environment is a key factor in its future outcomes. Expand on this idea Overall the Financial statements of Greens company are quite good in the way that they present the information of financial reports to their stakeholder. It is clear and precise and well explained. The needs of major stakeholders have been met through the many comprehensive Financial Statements that Greens have made available. References : www.corp-gov.com Get Smart Business Studies (pg 88) Author Geoff Wing and Ray Wooby An Introduction to Accounting (pg134) Author – Carrick Martin greens.com.au/dir016/greenspublishing.nsf /Content/ConsumerRelations Research Papers on What is Corporate Governance - Business EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

The Structure of an Academic Paper - Proofeds Writing Tips

The Structure of an Academic Paper - Proofeds Writing Tips The Structure of an Academic Paper Most academic papers have a five-part structure. This can vary depending on what you are writing (a full-length dissertation or thesis will include dedicated literature review, methodology and results chapters, for example). Nevertheless, a shorter essay will always require the following parts: Title Introduction Main body Conclusion References or bibliography These parts can be characterized as follows: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Title The title of your paper should clearly indicate the subject matter and the argument you are going to put forward. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction The introduction should outline the topic of the essay, the rationale for your research (i.e., why the topic is worth studying and your motivations for doing so) and the general structure of your argument. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Main Body This is the core of your paper. In the main body, set out each point of your argument in turn and discuss how they contribute to your overall point. Each point should be supported by evidence, such as examples, quotations or data. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion The conclusion should be a concise review of the main points explored and your final thoughts on the matter. No new material should be introduced at this stage, but nor should you simply summarize what you have written so far. Instead, focus on how each part of your argument contributes to your final position. Try to write something that leaves an impression on the reader. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚   References At the end of your document, make sure to include a list of the sources you used to write your paper. If youre not sure, remember to check with your institution about which referencing style to use. Commonly used referencing styles include Harvard, MLA, and APA. Proofed has helped hundreds of students with their essays; they could help you too! Give us a go today!

Short Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short Writing - Essay Example From her home to the store, Janie became self-governing and could do things without being controlled by her husband. Overall, she became happy. She felt joyous and released, although she continued to put on a mourning face for the public. Secondly, Joe’s death gave Janie the opportunity to reexamine her life and start to chase her dreams. After the funeral, she started to reexamine her feelings and her general perception towards life. She realized that the values Nanny had instilled in her of seeking wealth and security were wrong. Janie begun to understand that there are better things one should pursue in life in order to achieve maximum happiness. Finally, Joe’s death brought new hope in Jane’s life. While still together, the actions of Joe towards her were belittling and embarrassing. For instance, not only did Joe abuse her in public but also hit her. She hurt from the inside. However, after Joe’s death, Jane realized that there was still hop to achiev e happiness and live a fulfilling

American security culture in history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American security culture in history - Essay Example Terrorism activities have been among the most life claiming catastrophes in this century. In America alone which is the world’s super power, terrorism has had an adverse effect especially after the 9/11 attacks and American citizens learnt how easy their security systems could have been bleached by the ruthless terrorist attackers. The constitution of the homeland security in 2002 was the most brilliant security measure that the United States governments could have come up with at that time in order to avert future catastrophic attacks in America. However, as the American government is exploring all available channels to stop future attacks, the terrorists are also working to ensure they exploit various weaknesses in the system and render to such attacks happening again. The task seeks to dig out several issues such as the reality of the terrorist attacks, ability to mitigate them to prevent reoccurrence and the effects on the citizens and security systems in place if they did occur. America having experienced a traumatizing encounter with terrorism, there is still suspicion and fear that other attacks can hit the American people by surprise. The fact that currently terrorists may gain access to weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons, poisonous gasses, germ dispensers, and computer viruses should be a cause for alarm to security agencies in America. One of the cited loopholes that security critics feel could be exploited by aggressors is in the coordination of The Department of Homeland Security (DHS).The DHS having 22 existing agencies that report to numerous congressional committees and the nagging engagement of U.S public by the security personnel may be seen as a way of intruding their privacy. In a different context that could be seen as a success by the Homeland security but it may be a venue to be exploited by the terrorists is the fact that there has been no attack for almost 13 years